Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 2: 81.
Sunset®: 2-9,14-21
USDA: 5b-9
Heat Tolerance: Light shade in areas with hot dry summers
Sun Exposure: Full sun
Origin: Eastern USA, in the Appalachians, along rivers and streams.
Growth Habits: Deciduous tree, up to 50 feet tall (15 m), 25 feet in spread (7.5 m); glossy 8 to 18 inches long leaves (20-45 cm), stacked at the end of the branches
Watering Needs: Likes a moist soil
Propagation: Seeds, selected trees can be grafted, stem tip cuttings in summer under mist
Propagation: Cutting or occasionally seed, layering, grafting/budding
- by softwood stem tip cuttings, in summer. Apply IBA TALC 3000 PPM. Use intermittent mist. Root in 6-8 weeks.
- by layers.
- by grafts.
- by seeds, in spring. Germinates at 70-85 degrees F. The seeds can be harvested in autumn. The seeds need stratify 40F 4-5mo.. The usual germination temperature is 70-85 degrees F.
Blooming Habits:
Very large, showy, creamy flowers, with mildly unpleasant scent, 8 to 10 inches wide (20-25 cm), in May or June, depending on location. They come on trees that are at least about 10 years old.
Fruiting Habits:
The fruit is cone-shaped, 3 to 4 inches long (7.5-10 cm), red when mature in the fall. The seeds are bright red, about 0.6 inch long (1.5 cm).
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